Elements of Drama

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          Drama is a literary term derived from the Greek language means action. It can be defined, "is an action drama performed on stage along with the characters before the audience." Early is adhered to Greek religion as acting before god for making it fun. They mostly wrote tragedies and comedies.
The following are the most important elements of drama:

01. stage
This is the most important element and without the drama that was never done. It is a place name in the drama is the acting. it is shaped like a bow with a wide doors for entry and exit. The character comes from one door, perform their role and out of the other door.

02. groove
It is a pact events. The author makes an idea in her head with a line out of whom he had made ​​the story. So the plot is a series of events or actions that are collected and created stories. Playwright split plot or events into three distinct parts exposition, middle or body and its sequel.

03. character
The story carried by the character. Playwright take characters from all classes --- hero, heroin, criminal helpers etc. But the main focus remains on the main character as a hero, heroin, criminals etc. A series of good character is found, get the feeling of the audience to act.
04. dialogue
This story is written in the form of dialogue, spoken by the character.
05. Soliloquy
This is the power of the conscious and spontaneous speaking to yourself.
06. audience:
Drama is not written for shelf decoration, but is written for readers or performed before an audience.

07. Subject Matter:
This is discussed in the letter that men, as members of society, describing the good and bad deeds.

08. Supernatural elements:
In the past it was used in tragedy and comedy, but now the day has got more popularity and has become a source of entertainment in Asia as well as in European drama.
09. Costumes:

It is also accredited as an essential element of drama, drama is never done without a costume like that of the community.
10. Language:
Language should be simple and music, custom character qualifications. selected keeping in view the public mentality

Sambas Palace

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           Sambas Sultanate government center is located in a small town which is now known as the Sambas. To reach this city can be reached by land vehicles from Pontianak city toward the northwest as far as 175 miles, through the town Mempawah, Singkawang, Pemangkat, and Sambas.
           The former location of the seat of government located at the edge of the town of Sambas. In the area of ​​the confluence of Sambas, Small Sambas, and the Red, in a place that people called Muare Ullakan (In The Village) Sambas Sultanate palace stood.
Sambas Sultanate government center is located at the confluence area of land measuring approximately 16,781 square meters of longitudinal east-west direction.

          In this plot, there are several pieces of the building, the pier where boats / ships sultan rests, two gates, two paseban, where the sultan's office work, building core palace (hall), kitchen, and the mosque sultan.
          Palace building facing west toward the river Sambas. To the north of the pier there Sungau Small Sambas, and to the south there is the Red River. All around the palace ground is a swamp and clumped in some places there is a family tomb sultan.

          The building of the old palace built by Sultan of Bima in 1632 (now demolished), while the palace that still stands today was built in 1933. As a palace on the banks of the river, where the means of transport boats / ships, of course, built on the banks of the river dock where boats / ships sultan rests. The pier is located at the front of the palace known as the bridge Seteher. This bridge jutted into the river. From the pier was no road leading to the palace and through the gate entrance.
           Entrance gates leading to the palace courtyard is a two-story octagonal with schematics and extent of 76 square meters. The lower part is used for guard and a resting place for people who want to face the sultan, and the upper part is used to adjust the guard spot.

           In addition, the top at times is used as a place for gamelan throughout the city so that people can hear if there are crowds at the palace.
Once through the gate of octagonal, in the palace yard flagpole can be supported by a four-bar pole. This flag pole symbolizes the sultan, and the beams symbolize the four helpers sultan called viziers. At the bottom of the flagpole there were two guns, and one of them named Si Gantar Alam.

           Before entering the palace, from the pages of existing flag pole, we have to go through yet another gate. Gate entry is also made ​​up of two floors, but the shape of a rectangular diagram. Downstairs where the guards are on duty for 24 hours, while the upper floor is used for family sultan relax while watching the activities of the daily life of its people.

Once through the second gate and fence core, arrived at the palace buildings.

          Inside the palace complex there are three buildings. To the left of the main building there is a building the size of 5 x 26 meters. In the past this building serves as the kitchen and the cooks palace. On the right side of the main building there is another building the same size as the kitchen building. The building serves as the Sultan and his assistant work. Sultan of building work and the main palace building connected by roofed corridor with a length of 5.90 meters and a width of 1.50 meters.

          On the inside of the building where the Sultan and his assistant worked, saved some imperial treasures, including the imperial throne, sword inaugural Sultan, gongs, spears, yellow umbrella is a symbol of the empire, and the cannon catfish. Catfish cannon number seven at present still considered sacred items, and often diziarahi population. Each cannon has a name kesil size, namely Raden Mas, Raden Samber, Queen of Quick, Pajajaran queen, queen daughter, Raden Pajang, and Commander of Thunder.

           The main palace building measuring 11.50 x 22.60 meters. Consisting of seven rooms, which is located in the front hall, bedroom sultan, sultana bedroom, children's bedroom sultan, family room, dining room, and a special sewing. At the top of the door that connects the hall and living room, there is a symbol of the Sultanate of Sambas with "Sultan van Sambas" and angkatahun July 15, 1933. The figure this year is the date of the inauguration of the palace buildings.
On the inside of this building, the Sultan's bedroom belongings stored treasures Sambas Sultanate, including the contest where the sultan, oversized clothes, umbrellas empire, sword, shakes, ladies, and a writing desk Sultan. On the wall of family pictures plastered Sultan who ruled the Sambas.

History of Sambas Kingdom

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          In the 16th century in the Old City (Telok Keramat district , 36 km from the town of Sambas) has established a kingdom ruled by Queen Sepudak, one of seven officers from the Majapahit kingdom embraced Hinduism.

          In his reign, Sultan Raja comes Middle of the kingdom of Brunei. Middle King came with his wife, the queen of the kingdom Tanjungpura Surya, and his son, Prince Solomon.         The family is then to give effect to the whole royal family of Islam and its people.

          After the death of Queen Sepudak-law who was also his nephew was named Prince King Kencana crowned king and queen titles Kusuma Yudha Anom. The new king's younger brother, Prince Aryan Mangkurat, was appointed deputy governor to governor Raden Sulaiman.
          Because the more people respect and care Raden Sulaiman, arise envy Prince Aria Mangkurat. When Queen Anom Kusuma been to Johor, Aria Prince Raden Mangkurat spreading rumors that Solomon would stage a coup. Anom Kusuma queen who immediately returned to the kingdom. But the chaplain Setia Bakti, right hand Raden Sulaiman, have been killed by the followers of the Prince of Aria Mangkurat.

           Because these events Raden Sulaiman fled to the area Bandir and founded a town by the name of City Build. Queen Anom Kusuma then move the town to the City Hall on the river Selakau Pinang.
On the death of Queen Anom Kusuma, was appointed his son Raden Bekut became king with the title Panembahan City Hall. Raden Mas Ayu Krontiko Bekut married, daughter of Prince Mangkurat. Raden Mas Dungun, son Raden Bekut, is the last Panembahan City Hall. The kingdom was then ended by Raden Sulaiman messenger to pick them back into Sambas.

           Approximately three years later, move them to set up a central government Lubuk Mandung, at the junction of three rivers, the river Small Sambas, rivers and streams the Red Subah. The city is also called the Estuary Ulakan. This is where the palace was set Sambas and Raden Solomon crowned the first king of the kingdom of Sambas.

Audio Exchange Project

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To motivate adolescent student is we earn to give context to communicate having meaning, but the project needn't use video camera.

       Teaching 12 adolescent which is have age to around 12-17 year, and them have is same Ianguage, and also race at a book. They are recorded when getting duty to communicate with student which cannot have Russia or Ukrainian language, and the record sent to student in state using Ianguage of non Russia.

       Plan hereinafter that is pushing them to make a radio program about special days and festival ukrainia. This matter can motivate student, because it’s very attractive duty, and deliver cassette to other school with a purpose them also deliver their record to us. The project can finish during on a week, if have used correct structure and vocabulary, and also practice. The duty done by all student with partner to answer the question about special days in ukraine, the duty will be effective progressively because interview they will be recorded to be made upon which study.

       Preparation hereinafter is opinion expression, the opinion told by all student about transfer of radio event program device. Later, then by partner they write most days list of them enjoy during in ukraine. After discussion a few moments, they have an idea differently, later, then they agree on to discuss same thing.

 All student monitored and assisted with with vocabulary and uttering of moment all student start to shar information one another about experience of them in ukraina.

       All student start to draw up question since radio program will in form of interview, later, then some question have supported all student pursuant to information of fact to evoke personal opinion of  them.

 Samely all student recognize this answer, they is checked each other question format one another.

 Student monitored and all challenge in communicating to be noted. Then all student exercise interview by partner.

 Very supported by if all student communicate to use appropriate Ianguage, the example problems of uttering or abuse of Ianguage.

       Record started a few moments before in front of class, some traditional music of people ukraine as tone a radio event program. One room or class which is calm to be prepared to do recorder of cassette and ascertain quality of audio and then take one couple to exercise calm room interview.

 All student prohibited to do mistake because they will be recorded. each couple will be recorded around 3-5 minute so that entire all recording around 30 minute, and me add to record some final music of record. After their rest hear record, then interpret ability of them. In this case I start to play the part of interviewer because all student wish to work of partner.

       In this case especial excellence is I can develop any to be listened and we find one school to deliver record without accepting feed back or accept any record to be heard.

 So that can communicate well adolescently ukraine, they earn to shar information about special day in their country., so that they motivat to use goals Ianguage to communicate effectively so that they feel proud [at] their achievement.

       If them do mistake when practice take place,they must to be able to handle mistake of them publicly, because them recorded to be made a study materials.

 All student prepare question of fact and some planing. So, the project very good and have positive value to all student. Besides to train the way of talking with correct structure and vocabulary, this project also dapt train to make question and find some estriction in communicating.

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